中华人民共和国消防条例
全国人民代表大会常务委员会
全国人民代表大会常务委员会关于批准《中华人民共和国消防条例》的决议
(1984年5月11日第六届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第五次会议通过)
第六届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第五次会议决定:批准《中华人民共和国消防条例》,由国务院公布施行。
中华人民共和国消防条例
(1984年5月11日第六届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第五次会议批准 1984年5月13日国务院公布)
第一章 总 则
第一条 为了加强消防工作,保卫社会主义现代化建设,保护公共财产和公民生命财产的安全,特制定本条例。
第二条 消防工作,实行“预防为主,防消结合”的方针。
第三条 消防工作由公安机关实施监督。
人民解放军各单位、国有森林、矿井地下部分的消防工作,由其主管部门实施监督,公安机关协助。
第二章 火灾预防
第四条 城市规划建设部门,在新建、扩建和改建城市的时候,必须同时规划和建设消防站、消防供水、消防通讯和消防通道等公共消防设施。原有市区的公共消防设施不足或者不适合实际需要的,应当进行技术改造或者改建、增建。
第五条 新建、扩建和改建工程的设计和施工,必须执行国务院有关主管部门关于建筑设计防火规范的规定。
第六条 农村房屋建筑的设计和施工,必须执行国务院有关主管部门关于农村建筑设计防火规范的规定。
第七条 在森林、草原防火期间,禁止在林区、草原野外用火,因特殊情况需要用火的时候,必须经县级人民政府或者县级人民政府授权的机关批准,并按照有关规定采取严密的防范措施。
第八条 新建的生产、储存和装卸易燃易爆化学物品的工厂、仓库和专用车站、码头,必须设在安全地点,并报经所在的市、县人民政府审批。对原有的严重影响消防安全的单位,其主管部门应当采取措施,加以解决。
第九条 生产、使用、储存、运输易燃易爆化学物品的单位,必须执行国务院有关主管部门关于易燃易爆化学物品的安全管理规定。不了解易燃易爆化学物品性能和安全操作方法的人员,不得从事操作和保管工作。
第十条 交通运输、渔业、海洋资源调查、勘探等主管部门,应当根据飞机、船舶和车辆的特点,规定消防安全管理措施,并教育职工和乘客严格遵守。
第十一条 人员集中的公共场所,必须保持安全出口、疏散通道的畅通无阻,建立并严格执行用火用电与易燃易爆物品的管理制度,加强检查和值班巡逻,确保安全。
第十二条 生产易燃易爆化学物品的单位,对产品应当附有燃点、闪点、爆炸极限等数据的说明书,并且注明防火防爆注意事项。
第十三条 企业事业单位对采用的新材料、新设备、新工艺,必须研究其火灾危险性的特点,并采取相应的消防安全措施。
第十四条 机关、企业事业单位实行防火责任制度。
城市的居民委员会和农村的村民委员会,有责任动员和组织居民做好防火工作。
第十五条 机关、企业事业单位应当根据灭火的需要,配置相应种类、数量的消防器材、设备和设施。
第三章 消防组织
第十六条 企业事业单位根据需要设立群众义务消防队或者义务消防员,负责防火和灭火工作。所需经费由本单位开支。
第十七条 火灾危险性较大、距离当地公安消防队(站)较远的大、中型企业或者较大的事业单位,根据需要建立专职消防队,负责本单位的消防工作。所需经费由本单位开支。
第十八条 新建的城市和扩建、改建的市区,应当按照接到报警后消防车能在五分钟内到达责任区边沿的原则设立公安消防队(站);消防队(站)的设置不符合上述规定的原有城市,应当逐步增设。镇和工矿区根据需要设立公安消防队(站)。现有消防队(站)的消防器材、设备和设施不足的,应当逐步配置。
第四章 火灾扑救
第十九条 任何单位和个人在发现火警的时候,都应当迅速准确地报警,并积极参加扑救。
起火单位必须及时组织力量,扑救火灾。邻近单位应当积极支援。
消防队接到报警后,必须迅速赶赴火场,进行扑救。
第二十条 火场的扑救工作,由消防监督机构统一组织和指挥。火场总指挥员有权根据需要调动企业事业单位的消防队协同灭火。
第二十一条 火场总指挥员在火灾蔓延,必须进行拆除才能避免重大损失的时候,有权决定拆除毗连火场的建筑物和构筑物;在紧急情况下,有权调用交通运输、供水、供电、电讯和医疗救护、环境卫生等部门的力量。
第二十二条 消防车、消防艇赶赴火场的时候,其他车辆、船舶和人员必须避让;必要时可以使用一般不准通行的道路、空地和水域。交通管理的指挥人员应当保证消防车、消防艇迅速通行。
第二十三条 消防车、消防艇以及其它消防器材、设备和设施,除抢险救灾外,不得用于与消防工作无关的方面。
第二十四条 在扑救火灾中受伤、致残或者牺牲的非国家职工,由起火单位按照国务院有关主管部门的规定给予医疗、抚恤;起火单位对起火没有责任的,或者确实无力负担的,以及火灾由住户引起的,由当地人民政府给予医疗、抚恤。
第五章 消防监督
第二十五条 县级以上公安机关设立消防监督机构,负责消防监督工作。
第二十六条 各级消防监督机构有下列职权:
一、依照本条例和政府有关规定,对各部门、各单位和居民住宅的消防工作进行监督检查;
二、进行消防宣传教育,监督有关单位消除火险隐患;
三、审查各部门、各单位制订的有关消防安全的办法和枝术标准;
四、监督检查建设项目在设计和施工中执行有关建筑设计防火规范规定的情况,参加竣工验收;
五、监督检查城市建设中的公共消防设施的规划建设,督促城市建设和城市管理部门维护、改善城市公共消防设施;
六、掌握火灾情况,进行火灾统计;
七、管理消防队伍,训练消防干警;
八、统一组织和指挥火灾的扑救工作;
九、组织调查火灾原因;
十、领导消防科学技术研究工作,鉴定和推广消防科学技术研究成果;
十一、对消防器材、设备的生产,在规格、质量方面实行监督。
第二十七条 各级消防监督机构发现火险隐患,应当及时通知有关单位或者个人采取措施,限期消除隐患。
第二十八条 各级消防监督机构,应当配备具有消防专业知识的消防监督员。消防监督员应当对分管地区内的单位和居民住宅的消防工作实行监督检查。
第六章 奖励与惩罚
第二十九条 对在消防工作中有贡献或者成绩显著的单位和个人,由公安机关、上级主管部门或者本单位给予表彰、奖励。
第三十条 违反本条例规定,经消防监督机构通知采取改正措施而拒绝执行,情节严重的,对有关责任人员由公安机关依照治安管理处罚条例给予处罚,或者由其主管机关给予行政处分。
违反本条例规定,造成火灾的,对有关责任人员依法追究刑事责任;情节较轻的,由公安机关依照治安管理处罚条例给予处罚,或者由其主管机关给予行政处分。
第七章 附 则
第三十一条 公安部根据本条例制定实施细则,报国务院批准后施行。
第三十二条 本条例自1984年10月1日起施行。1957年11月29日全国人民代表大会常务委员会会议批准的《消防监督条例》同时废止。
导游人员管理暂行规定(附英文)
国家旅游局
导游人员管理暂行规定(附英文)
(1987年11月14日国务院批准)(1987年12月1日国家旅游局发布)
第一条 为了加强对全国导游人员的统一管理,提高导游服务质量,保护旅行者和导游人员的合法权益,促进旅游事业的健康发展,制定本规定。
第二条 本规定所称导游人员,是指为旅行者(包括旅行团,下同)组织安排旅行和游览事项,提供向导、讲解和旅途服务的人员。
根据旅行者的不同要求,导游人员分别使用外国语、汉语普通话或者方言、少数民族语言进行导游。
第三条 导游人员分为全程陪同、地方陪同和定点陪同。
全程陪同导游人员,是指受旅行社(包括旅游公司,下同)委派或者聘用,为跨省、自治区、直辖市范围旅游的旅行者,提供全部旅程导游服务的人员。
地方陪同导游人员,是指受旅行社委派或者聘用,在省、自治区、直辖市范围内为旅行者提供导游服务的人员。
定点陪同导游人员,是指受旅行社委派或者聘用,在一个参观、游览点内为旅行者提供导游服务的人员。
第四条 导游人员的正当权益受国家法律保护,任何单位和个人不得非法干涉其执行工作任务。
第五条 导游人员的主要职责是:
(一)接受旅行社分配的导游任务,按照接待计划,安排和组织旅行者参观、游览;
(二)负责向旅行者导游、讲解,传播中国文化,
(三)配合和督促有关部门安排旅行者的交通、食宿,保护旅行者的人身和财物安全等事项;
(四)反映旅行者的意见和要求,协助安排会见、座谈等活动;
(五)解答旅行者的问讯,协助处理旅途中遇到的问题。
第六条 导游人员应当具备下列条件:
(一)必须是中华人民共和国公民,热爱祖国,拥护社会主义制度,遵纪守法,遵守旅游职业道德,热心为旅行者服务;
(二)具有高中以上文化水平,有胜任导游工作的语言表达能力;
(三)熟悉旅游业务,有组织接待能力;
(四)身体健康,能适应工作的需要。
第七条 具备前条所列条件者,经考试合格,办理登记注册手续,方可担任导游工作。
第八条 分配到旅行社工作的高等院校毕业生,具备本规定第六条所列条件者,可以担任实习导游人员,实习期满一年,经考试合格,可以转为正式导游人员。
第九条 根据工作需要,旅行社可以在社会上招聘业余导游人员。具备本规定第六条所列条件者,持有关证明,经考试合格,方可担任业余导游工作。
第十条 导游人员的考试工作,由国家旅游局批准组成的全国考试委员会统一领导和部署,各省、自治区、直辖市旅游行政管理部门批准组成的考试委员会具体组织实施。
第十一条 经考试合格者,由国家旅游局或者各省、自治区、直辖市旅游行政管理部门分别办理登记注册手续,并发给导游证书。
第十二条 旅行社对导游人员日常管理的主要职责是:
(一)进行政治思想、职业道德、法制、纪律教育;
(二)组织导游业务培训;
(三)负责内部考核和奖惩工作;
(四)处理旅行者对导游人员的意见。
第十三条 旅游行政管理部门可以派人检查导游工作,被检查的导游人员不得无理拒绝。
检查人员执行任务时,应当出示旅游行政管理部门的检查证件。
第十四条 导游人员在执行任务时,应当佩戴导游证,并携带导游证书。
第十五条 导游人员认真执行本规定,在工作中服务质量优异,作出重大成绩的,由旅游行政管理部门或者旅行社给予奖励。
第十六条 导游人员有下列行为之一的,由旅游行政管理部门予以处罚:
(一)不履行本规定第五条规定的各项职责造成严重后果的,根据情节轻重给予行政处分,并可以扣留导游证和导游证书;
(二)违反本规定第十三条规定,无理拒绝检查的,扣留导游证和导游证书;
(三)有上述两项行为,情节恶劣的,经省、自治区、直辖市旅游行政管理部门批准,收回其导游证和导游证书,吊销导游注册。
第十七条 对非法干涉导游人员执行任务,造成后果的,由旅游行政管理部门会同有关部门进行处理。有关部门应当配合支持。
第十八条 未按本规定参加考试、办理登记注册手续者,不得担任导游工作。擅自进行导游活动,收取导游费的,由旅游行政管理部门没收全部非法所得,并可处以非法所得三倍以下的罚款。
第十九条 受处罚者对旅游行政管理部门的处罚决定不服的,可以在收到处罚通知之日起十五日内,向上一级旅游行政管理部门提出申诉;上一级旅游行政管理部门应当在收到申诉之日起十五日内予以答复。
第二十条 本规定由国家旅游局负责解释,施行细则由国家旅游局制定。
第二十一条 本规定自1988年3月1日起施行。
INTERIM PROVISIONS ON THE ADMINISTRATION OF AFFAIRS CONCERNINGTOURIST GUIDES
Important Notice: (注意事项)
英文本源自中华人民共和国务院法制局编译, 中国法制出版社出版的《中华人民
共和国涉外法规汇编》(1991年7月版).
当发生歧意时, 应以法律法规颁布单位发布的中文原文为准.
This English document is coming from the "LAWS AND REGULATIONS OF THE
PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA GOVERNING FOREIGN-RELATED MATTERS" (1991.7)
which is compiled by the Brueau of Legislative Affairs of the State
Council of the People's Republic of China, and is published by the China
Legal System Publishing House.
In case of discrepancy, the original version in Chinese shall prevail.
Whole Document (法规全文)
INTERIM PROVISIONS ON THE ADMINISTRATION OF AFFAIRS CONCERNING
TOURIST GUIDES
(Approved by the State Council on November 14, 1987 and promul-
gated by the National Tourism Administration on December 1, 1987)
Article 1
These Provisions are formulated in order to strengthen the unified
administration of affairs concerning tourist guides throughout the
country, to improve the quality standard of tourist services, to protect
the lawful rights and interests of tourist guides, and to promote the
sound development of the tourist industry.
Article 2
The term "tourist guides", as used in these Provisions, refers to those
working personnel who make arrangements for tours and sightseeing for
tourists (including tourist groups, the same below), serve as tourist
guides and interpreters, and provide other services for tourists during
their sightseeing trips.
Tourist guides shall, at the request of tourists, use foreign languages,
the Chinese putonghua or various Chinese dialects, and languages of
minority nationalities, respectively in their tourist work.
Article 3
Tourist guides are divided into three categories: full-itinerary guides,
local guides, and spot guides.
"Full-itinerary guides" refer to those personnel who are appointed or
engaged by tourist agencies (including tourist companies, the same below)
to provide full-itinerary services for those tourists who make a trans-
regional tour beyond the confines of provinces, autonomous regions, and
municipalities directly under the Central Government. "Local guides"
refer to those personnel who are appointed or engaged by tourist agencies
to provide tourist services for those tourists who make a tour within the
confines of a province, an autonomous region, or a municipality directly
under the Central Government. "Spot guides" refer to those personnel who
are appointed or engaged by tourist agencies to provide tourist services
for those tourists who make a tour within the confines of a certain scenic
spot.
Article 4
The legitimate rights and interests of tourist guides shall be protected
by Laws of the State, no institutions or individuals shall be permitted to
interfere illegally with the tourist guides in execution of their tasks.
Article 5
The duties of tourist guides shall be as follows:
(1) to accept the tourist tasks assigned by their tourist agency, and make
arrangements, in accordance with the reception plan, for taking tourists
on a sightseeing tour;
(2) to accompany tourists on a sightseeing tour, explain to them and
disseminate among them the Chinese culture;
(3) to work in coordination with the departments concerned and urge them
to make arrangements for the tourists' transportation, meals, and
accommodation, and to protect the safety of the tourists and their
properties and belongings;
(4) to make the tourists' requests and complaints known to whom it may
concern and provide assistance in making arrangements for such activities
as interviews, informal discussions, etc.;
(5) to answer the questions and inquiries raised by tourists, and assist
in solving problems that crop up during the sightseeing tour.
Article 6
Tourist guides shall meet the following qualifications:
(1) they must be citizens of the People's Republic of China, have a deep
love for their motherland, uphold the socialist system, observe
disciplines and abide by the laws, comply with the professional ethics of
tourism, and serve tourists wholeheartedly;
(2) they must have a schooling above the senior middle school level and
the command of language and power of expression needed for a qualified
tourist guide;
(3) they must be familiar with the tourist business, and possess the
ability of organization in reception work;
(4) they must be in good health, and adaptable to the needs of work.
Article 7
Those meeting the qualifications mentioned in the preceding Article shall
take and pass a qualification examination and go through the registration
formalities before they are permitted to take up the job of a tourist
guide.
Article 8
Graduates of institutions of higher learning who have been assigned to
work in a tourist agency and who have met the qualifications specified in
Article 6 may serve as probationary tourist guides for one year before
they become regular tourist guides after passing the qualification
examination.
Article 9
A tourist agency may, in light of needs of work, advertise for the
engagement of amateur tourist guides from society. Those who have met the
qualifications listed in Article 6 of these Provisions shall present the
relevant certifications, pass the qualification examination before they
are permitted to take up the job of an amateur tourist guide.
Article 10
The qualification examination for tourist guides shall be organized and
administered by the examination committee, which is established with the
approval of the tourism administration department of the province,
autonomous region, or municipality directly under the Central Government,
and be placed under the unified leadership and arrangement by the national
examination committee established with the approval from the National
Tourism Administration.
Article 11
Those who have passed the qualification examination shall go through the
procedures for registration with the National Tourism Administration or
with the tourism administration departments of various provinces,
autonomous regions, or municipalities directly under the Central
Government, and obtain the certificate for tourist guides.
Article 12
The chief duties of a tourist agency in its routine administrative work
relating to tourist guides shall be as follows:
(1) to carry on education in political ideology, professional ethics, the
legal system, and discipline;
(2) to conduct training in tourist business operations;
(3) to be responsible for assessment, reward and punishment work inside
the tourist agency;
(4) to deal with tourists' complaints concerning tourist guides.
Article 13
The tourism administration department may send personnel to inspect the
work of tourist guides. The tourist guides concerned may not refuse such
inspection without justification. Inspectors shall, while executing their
inspection tasks, produce the certification for the inspection issued by
the tourism administration departments.
Article 14
Tourist guides shall, while executing their tasks, wear the badge for
tourist guides, and carry along with them the certificate for tourist
guides.
Article 15
Tourist guides who have carried out these Provisions conscientiously, have
made great achievements in their work, and have distinguished themselves
by offering tourists excellent service, shall be rewarded by the tourism
administration department or by their tourist agency.
Article 16
Tourist guides, who have committed one of the following acts, shall be
punished by the tourism administration department:
(1) those who fail to carry out the various duties stipulated in Article 5
of these Provisions, and cause grave consequences shall, depending on the
seriousness of the cases, be given disciplinary sanctions, and may have
their tourist guides' badges and certificates withheld;
(2) those who unjustifiably refuse to submit themselves to inspection in
contravention of the stipulations in Article 13 of these Provisions shall
have their badges and certificates withheld;
(3) those who have committed the acts mentioned in the preceding two
paragraphs, if the case is extremely abominable, shall, with the approval
from the tourism administration department of the province, autonomous
region, or municipality directly under the Central Government, have their
badges and certificates revoked and their registration as tourist guides
cancelled.
Article 17
Those who have illegally interfered in the work of tourist guides and
caused consequences shall be dealt with by the tourism administration
department in coordination with other departments concerned. The
departments concerned shall give their support.
Article 18
Those, who have not taken the prescribed qualification examination and
gone through the registration procedures in accordance with these
Provisions, shall not be permitted to take up the job of a tourist guide.
With respect to those who, without permission, have conducted activities
of tourist guides and received tourist fees, the tourism administration
department shall confiscate the violators' illegal gains, and may also
impose a fine equal to three times as much, or less, as the amount of
illegal gains.
Article 19
If a violator refuses to accept the decision of penalty by the tourism
administration department, he/she may, within 15 days after receiving the
notification of punishment, lodge an appeal to the tourism administration
department at a higher level; the tourism administration department at a
higher level shall give reply within 15 days after receiving the appeal.
Article 20
The right to interpret these Provisions shall reside in the National
Tourism Administration, and the rules for the implementation of these
Provisions shall be formulated by the National Tourism Administration.
Article 21
These Provisions shall go into effect on March 1, 1988.